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Compare Hungary (2001) - Christmas Island (2007)

Compare Hungary (2001) z Christmas Island (2007)

 Hungary (2001)Christmas Island (2007)
 HungaryChristmas Island
Administrative divisions 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city** (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba*, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest**, Csongrad, Debrecen*, Dunaujvaros*, Eger*, Fejer, Gyor*, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely*, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar*, Kecskemet*, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza*, Pecs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekesfehervar*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabanya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Veszprem*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg* none (territory of Australia)
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.63% (male 862,468; female 818,052)

15-64 years:
68.66% (male 3,406,717; female 3,532,008)

65 years and over:
14.71% (male 546,992; female 939,780) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products NA
Airports 43 (2000 est.) 1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
16

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
27

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
93,030 sq km

land:
92,340 sq km

water:
690 sq km
total: 135 sq km


land: 135 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in 1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU. Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate 9.32 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Budget revenues:
$13 billion

expenditures:
$14.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA
Capital Budapest name: The Settlement


geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E


time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 138.9 km
Constitution 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Hungary

conventional short form:
Hungary

local long form:
Magyar Koztarsasag

local short form:
Magyarorszag
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island


conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency forint (HUF) -
Death rate 13.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Debt - external $29.6 billion (2000) -
Dependency status - non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter F. TUFO

embassy:
Szabadsag Ter 12, H.-1054 Budapest

mailing address:
pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

telephone:
[36] (1) 475-4400, 475-4703 (after hours)

FAX:
[36] (1) 475-4764
none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Geza JESZENSZKY

chancery:
3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 362-6730

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-8135

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international Gabcikovo/Nagymaros Dam dispute with Slovakia is before the ICJ none
Economic aid - recipient $122.7 million (1995) $NA
Economy - overview Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and to work toward accession to the European Union. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms is widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling $23 billion by 2000. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation - a top economic concern in 2000 - is still high at almost 10%, pushed upward by higher world oil and gas and domestic food prices. Economic reform measures such as health care reform, tax reform, and local government financing have not yet been addressed by the ORBAN government. Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future.
Electricity - consumption 35.234 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 2.35 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 3.406 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 36.75 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
61.09%

hydro:
0.51%

nuclear:
38.4%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Tisza River 78 m

highest point:
Kekes 1,014 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%


note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates forints per US dollar - 282.240 (January 2001), 282.179 (2000), 237.146 (1999), 214.402 (1998), 186.789 (1997), 152.647 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state:
Ferenc MADL (since NA August 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 6 July 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

election results:
Ferenc MADL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA% (but by a simple majority in the third round of voting); Viktor ORBAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%

note:
to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general


head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports $25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $NA
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment 59.5%, other manufactures 29.4%, food products 6.9%, raw materials 2.4%, fuels and electricity 1.8% (2000) phosphate
Exports - partners Germany 37%, Austria 9%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 5% (2000) Australia, NZ (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island; the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
GDP purchasing power parity - $113.9 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
5%

industry:
35%

services:
60% (2000 est.)
-
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5.5% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 47 00 N, 20 00 E 10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Heliports 5 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
188,203 km

paved:
81,680 km (including 448 km of expressways)

unpaved:
106,523 km (1998 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.9%

highest 10%:
24.8% (1996)
-
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine -
Imports $27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $NA
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment 51.1%, other manufactures 35.9%, fuels and electricity 8.1%, food products 2.8%, raw materials 2.1% (2000) consumer goods
Imports - partners Germany 25%, Russia 8%, Austria 7%, Italy 7% (2000) principally Australia (2006)
Independence 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate 18% (2000 est.) -
Industries mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate 8.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9.8% (1999 est.) -
International organization participation ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) -
Irrigated land 2,060 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force 4.2 million (1997) NA
Labor force - by occupation services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996) -
Land boundaries total:
2,009 km

border countries:
Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
51%

permanent crops:
3.6%

permanent pastures:
12.4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
14% (1999)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Languages Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system rule of law based on Western model under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 10 and 24 May 1998 (next to be held May/June 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSZP 32.0%, FIDESZ 28.2%, FKGP 13.8%, SZDSZ 7.9%, MIEP 5.5%, MMP 4.1%, MDF 2.8%, KDNP 2.3%, MDNP 1.5%; seats by party - MSZP 134, FIDESZ 148, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 17, MIEP 14, independent 1; note - seating as of 2000 by party - MSZP 136, FIDESZ 141, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 16, MIEP 12, independents 9
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth total population:
71.63 years

male:
67.28 years

female:
76.3 years (2001 est.)
total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
98% (1980 est.)
NA
Location Central Europe, northwest of Romania Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references Europe Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,199 GRT/1,050 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Ground Forces, Air Force; note - there is a paramilitary Border Guard which is under the Ministry of Interior -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $822 million (FY00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.6% (FY00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,573,119 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,050,404 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
64,121 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday St. Stephen's Day, 20 August Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality noun:
Hungarian(s)

adjective:
Hungarian
noun: Christmas Islander(s)


adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards - the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate 0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Pipelines crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor DEMSZKY]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY, president]; Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party or FYD-HCP [Laszlo KOVER]; note - used to be Hungarian Civic Party or FIDESZ; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]; Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president] none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 10,106,017 (July 2001 est.) 1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 8.6% (1993 est.) -
Population growth rate -0.32% (2001 est.) 0% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Budapest, Dunaujvaros -
Radio broadcast stations AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Radios 7.01 million (1997) -
Railways total:
7,606 km

broad gauge:
36 km 1.524-m gauge

standard gauge:
7,394 km 1.435-m gauge (2,270 km electrified; 1,236 km double track)

narrow gauge:
176 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)

note:
Hungary and Austria jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway connecting Gyor, Sopron, and Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) a distance of about 101 km in Hungary and 65 km in Austria
-
Religions Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.58 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service

domestic:
the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones

international:
Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
general assessment: service provided by the Australian network


domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005


international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use 3.095 million (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.269 million (July 1999) -
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) 0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)
Terrain mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA
Unemployment rate 9.4% (2000 est.) -
Waterways 1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997) -
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